Essay by Emre Erdoğan, professor and CO3-associated researcher at İstanbul Bilgi University. On the 29th of October, as Türkiye celebrates the 102nd day of the Republic of Türkiye, it is timelier than ever to reflect on its accomplishments and the significant challenges it faces. Established in 1923 from the remnants of an empire, the Republic was built on a bold promise: a unified nation of citizens, equal under the law, committed to secular modernization, and bound by a sh
